Evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of acute low back pain: response to the guidelines prepared for the Australian Medical Health and Research Council.

Table 1.1 Participants in the development process of the present Guidelines Table 4.1. A systematic summary of the possible causes of low back pain in terms of anatomy and pathology. Muscle: refers to any of the muscles of the lumbar spine. Fascia: refers to the thoracicolumbar fascia. Ligament: refers to the interspinous and iliolumbar ligaments. Bone: refers to any part of the lumbar vertebrae or sacrum. Joint: refers to the lumbar zygapophysial joints or the sacroiliac joint. Disc: refers to the intervertebral discs Table 5.1 Outcome of low back pain, 12 months after first consultation, based on Von Korff et al 10. Recent onset was defined as pain commencing within 6 months of first interview Table 6.1 Prognostic risk factors for chronicity of back pain Table 6.2 The fear-avoidance model of back pain. Sites at which behavioural therapy might be applied are marked Ψ Table 7.1 Categories under which history can be obtained systematically about any pain problem Table 7.2 Distinguishing features between somatic referred pain and radicular pain in the lower limb Table 7.3 Risk factors and indicators for fractures of the lumbar spine. Table 7.4 Statistical data on the validity of clinical features for the diagnosis of cancer of the lumbar spine. SENS: sensitivity. SPEC: Specificity. +LR: positive likelihood ratio.-LR: negative likelihood ratio. Ref: references. SnNout: high sensitivity-negative rules out Table 7.5 Statistical data on the validity of clinical features for the diagnosis of infection of the lumbar spine. SENS: sensitivity. SPEC: Specificity. +LR: positive likelihood ratio.-LR: negative likelihood ratio. Ref: references Table 7.6 Statistical data on the validity of clinical features for the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis of the lumbar spine. SENS: sensitivity. SPEC: Specificity. +LR: positive likelihood ratio.-LR: negative likelihood ratio. Ref: references Table 7.7 A checklist for red flag clinical indicators, suitable for inclusion in medical records used in General Practice, developed by the National Musculoskeletal Medicine Initiative Table 7.8 The cardinal Red Flag conditions and the appropriate investigations for their confirmation Table 8.1 The reliability of inspection and palpation in the examination of the lumbar spine. PT: physical therapists. MD: medical practitioners Table 8.2 The reliability of selected tests of motion used in the examination of the lumbar spine. PT: physical therapists. MD: medical practitioners. PPIVM: passive physiological intervertebral motion. PAIVM: passive accessory intervertebral motion Table 8.3 Contingency table for the validity of McKenzie tests in the diagnosis of discogenic pain and painful lumbar …